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Flora of Australia in XML format

Pteridophytes - Volumes 49 & 50 - Oceanic Islands

Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research; Australian Biological Resources Study; Council of Heads of Australian Herbaria

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XML version editor: J.R. Croft Australian National Herbarium jrc@anbg.gov.au http://www.anbg.gov.au/jrc/ Taxonomic contributors listed under entries for families and genera division Pteridophyta kingdom Plantae accepted division Plantae PTERIDOPHYTA Pteridophyta Vascular herbs, rarely arborescent, often rhizomatous, often with scales; true roots usually present (rhizoids in Psilotum). Leaves either bract-like or a frond which is circinate in bud (except in Psilotaceae, Lycopodiaceae, Selaginellaceae and Ophioglossaceae). Stipe usually lacking stipules (fleshy stipules in Marattiaceae, non-fleshy ones in Osmundaceae). Lamina broad, simple or variously pinnate, bearing sporangia. Sporangia usually in sori (often protected by an indusium) or grouped in synangia, or (in Psilotum) borne on the stems. Spores germinating to produce a prothallus which bears the male and female organs, producing, after fertilisation, the new sporophyte. The ferns and fern allies are a large and ancient, worldwide division of land plants (very rarely, floating aquatics). They produce spores, usually in sori, which on germination develop into the sexual generation called the prothallus, which bears the male and female reproductive organs. Well known in the fossil state, especially from the Carboniferous Age, the group consists of four Classes, Psilopsida, Lycopsida, Sphenopsida and Filicopsida, all except the third occurring on Norfolk and Lord Howe Islands. Flora of Australia 49: 546 (1994) © family Psilotaceae order Psilotales accepted family Pteridophyta PSILOTACEAE P.S.Green Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AB, England Psilotaceae Epiphytic, lithophytic or terrestrial; rhizomes dichotomously branched, bearing rhizoids. Aerial stems simple, forked once or dichotomously branched in upper part, bearing flattened 'leaves' or scale-like appendages. Synangia 2- or 3-lobed, homosporous. A tropical or subtropical family containing only the following 2 living genera, and c. 12 species; both genera native on the Islands. R.E.G.Pichi Sermolli, Tentatem Pteridophytorum genera in taxonomicum ordinem redigendi, Webbia 31: 313-512 (1977); R.A.White, D.W.Bierhorst, P.G.Gensel, D.R.Kaplan & W.H.Wagner Jr, Taxonomic and morphological relationships of the Psilotaceae, Brittonia 29: 1-68 (1977); D.L.Jones & S.C.Clemesha, Austral. Ferns & Fern Allies 2nd edn, 27-28 (1981); R.M.Tryon & A.F.Tryon, Ferns & Allied Pl. 782-787 (1982); D.L.Jones, Encycl. Ferns 44-47 (1987). KEY TO GENERA Synangia 3-chambered, subtended by a bifid scale-like sporophyll or leaf... 1. PSILOTUM Synangia 2-chambered, fused to a bifid leaf-like sporophyll... 2. TMESIPTERIS Flora of Australia 49: 546 (1994) © genus Psilotum family Psilotaceae accepted genus Psilotaceae 1 1. PSILOTUM Psilotum Sw. J. Bot. (Schrader) 1800(2): 109 (1801) from the Greek psilos (naked or bare), in allusion to the naked synangia Type: P. triquetrum Sw., nom. illeg. = P. nudum (L.) P.Beauv. Terrestrial, lithophytic or epiphytic plants, rhizomatous, creeping; rhizome bearing rhizoids, not true roots. Stems erect or pendulous, often tufted, dichotomously branched, bearing scale-like sporophylls ('leaves'). Fertile sporophylls bract-like, bifid, subtending a ± sessile 3-lobed synangium. A genus of 2 species distributed throughout the tropics and subtropics. Together with Tmesipteris (below), structurally the most primitive living genera of vascular plants. One species is native to both Islands. G.Bentham, Lycopodiaceae, Psilotum, Fl. Austral. 7: 681-682 (1878). Flora of Australia 49: 547 (1994) © species Psilotum nudum genus Psilotum accepted species 1 Psilotum nudum (L.) P.Beauv. Prodr. Aetheogam. 112 (1805) Lycopodium nudum L., Sp. Pl. 2: 1100 (1753); Psilotum triquetrum Sw., J. Bot. (Schrader) 1800(2): 109 (1801), nom. illeg.T: 'in Indiis'; lecto: LINN 1257.1, fide G.R.Proctor in R.A.Howard, Fl. Lesser Antilles 2: 16 (1977); IDC microfiche 177/2.734/21. The epithet comes from the Latin nudus (naked), in reference to the synangia. Illustrations: D.L.Jones & S.C.Clemesha, Austral. Ferns & Fern Allies 2nd edn, 28 (1981); D.L.Jones, Encycl. Ferns 45, 49 (1987); P.G.Wilson in G.J.Harden, Fl. New South Wales 1: 3, t. 1 (1990). Tough herb. Stems erect, 15-50 cm tall, 2-4 mm thick, simple basally, repeatedly dichotomously branched in the upper part; branches 3-angled. Scales scattered, ovate-subulate, 2-3 mm long; fertile leaves 2-lobed, subulate, c. 2 mm long, subtending ± sessile synangia on uppermost branches; synangia ± globular, 3-celled, c. 2 mm diam., yellow when mature. Skeleton Forkfern. Norfolk Is., Lord Howe Is. On Norfolk Is. occasional to common in the National Park, occasional elsewhere; common throughout Lord Howe Is. Also in Australia and the North Is. of New Zealand, and widespread throughout the tropics and subtropics. N.Is.: Mt Pitt Reserve, M.Lazarides 8076 (CANB); s. loc., A.Cunningham 61 (K). L.H.Is.: Transit Hill, P.S.Green 1637 (A, K); near Lovers Bay, R.D.Hoogland 8725 (CANB, NSW). Flora of Australia 49: 547 (1994) © genus Tmesipteris family Psilotaceae accepted genus Psilotaceae 2 2. TMESIPTERIS Tmesipteris Bernh. J. Bot. (Schrader) 1800(2): 131 (1801) from the Greek tmesis (cutting or incision) and pteris (fern), in allusion to the sporophyll being cut in two in these fern allies Type: T. tannensis (Spreng.) Bernh. Rhizomatous herbs. Aerial branches simple or forked once (elsewhere, repeatedly forked), bearing flattened appendages ('leaves') with a midrib. Synangia of paired sporangia fused to these leaf-like structures. A genus of c. 10 species, mostly from eastern Australia and New Zealand, but also from Mindanao, Celebes, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Is., Vanuatu, New Caledonia, Fiji, Samoa, Tahiti and the Marquesas. Two native species, 1 on each of the Islands. Sometimes classified in its own family, the Tmesipteridaceae. G.Bentham, Lycopodiaceae, Tmesipteris, Fl. Austral. 7: 680-681 (1878); M.M.J. van Balgooy, Blumea Suppl. 5: 274-275 (1966); R.J.Chinnock, The New Zealand species of Tmesipteris (Psilotaceae), New Zealand J. Bot. 13: 743-768 (1975). Synangia ± globose, blunt, 3.5-4 mm long, 1.75-2 mm broad; leaf-like appendages acute, apiculate (N.Is.)... 1. T. norfolkensis Synangia somewhat elongated, ± pointed, 5.5-6 mm long, 1.25-1.5 mm broad; leaf-like appendages subtruncate, prominently apiculate (L.H.Is.)... 2. T. truncata Flora of Australia 49: 547 (1994) © species Tmesipteris norfolkensis genus Tmesipteris accepted species 1 Tmesipteris norfolkensis P.S.Green J. Arnold Arbor. 67: 109 (1986) T: Norfolk Island, 1804-1805, F.L.Bauer; holo: W. Tmesipteris forsteri Endl., Prodr. Fl. Norfolk. 6 (1833), nom. illeg.; Psilotum forsteri (Endl.) Endl., Iconogr. Gen. Pl. ix, t. 85 (1838), nom. illeg.T: Norfolk Island, 1804-1805, F.L.Bauer; holo: W. [Tmesipteris tannensis auct. non (Spreng.) Bernh.: J.H.Maiden, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales 28: 740 (1904); R.M.Laing, Trans. & Proc. New Zealand Inst. 47: 15 (1915); C.F.Reed, Bol. Soc. Brot. ser. 2, 40: 84 (1966)] [Tmesipteris truncata auct. non (R.Br.) Desv.: C.F.Reed, op. cit. 85, p.p.] [Tmesipteris billardieri auct. non Endl.: M.D.Tindale in N.C.W.Beadle et al., Fl. Sydney Region 3rd edn, 40 (1982), p.p.] Illustration: S.F.L.Endlicher, Iconogr. Gen. Pl. t. 85 (1835). Pendulous epiphyte on trunks of tree ferns. Branches 10-25 cm long, of limited growth. Leaf-like appendages slightly sigmoid, 10-20 mm long, 3-5 mm broad, acute, apiculate. Synangia ± globose, 3.5-4 mm long, 1.75-2 mm broad, blunt. Hanging Forkfern. Fig. 101A.****.jpg Norfolk Is. Endemic. Scattered throughout the populations of tree ferns N.Is.: Mt Pitt Reserve, M.Lazarides 8086 (CANB, K); SE slopes of Mt Pitt, R.D.Hoogland 6591 (CANB); between Palm Glen and Red Rd, R.J.Chinnock 5964 (AD, K); s. loc., Nov. 1902, J.H.Maiden & J.L.Boorman (BM, K, NSW). Flora of Australia 49: 548 (1994) © species Tmesipteris truncata genus Tmesipteris accepted species 2 Tmesipteris truncata (R.Br.) Desv. Mem. Soc. Linn. Paris 6: 192 (1827) Psilotum truncatum R.Br., Prodr. 164 (1810).T: Tasmania and Port Jackson, Australia, 1802, R.Brown; syn: BM; isosyn: K. The epithet alludes to the truncate apex of the leaves. [Tmesipteris tannensis auct. non (Spreng.) Bernh.: G.Bentham, Fl. Austral. 7: 681 (1878), p.p.; W.R.B.Oliver, Trans. & Proc. New Zealand Inst. 49: 117 (1917)] Illustrations: D.L.Jones & S.C.Clemesha, Austral. Ferns & Fern Allies 2nd edn, 32, fig. 15b (1981); S.B.Andrews, Ferns Queensland fig. 31.1A (1990); P.G.Wilson in G.J.Harden, Fl. New South Wales 1: 4 (1990). Pendulous epiphyte on trunks of tree ferns. Branches 10-30 cm long, of limited growth. Leaf-like appendages oblong, only very slightly sigmoid, 10-20 mm long, 3-5 mm broad, subtruncate with prominent apiculum 1-2 mm long. Synangia somewhat elongate, ovoid-conoid, 5.5-6 mm long, 1.25-1.5 mm broad, ± pointed. Lord Howe Is. Also known from similar habitats in southern Qld and in N.S.W. Common as an epiphyte on tree fern trunks in the mountains. L.H.Is.: top of Mt Gower, M.M.J. van Balgooy 1119 (CANB); loc. id., P.S.Green 1593 (A, K); side of Mt Lidgbird, C.Moore 33 (K, MEL). Flora of Australia 49: 548 (1994) © family Lycopodiaceae order Lycopodiales accepted family Pteridophyta LYCOPODIACEAE P.S.Green Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AB, England Herbaceous, terrestrial or epiphytic herbs. Stems erect, scrambling or pendulous, simple or dichotomously branched. Leaves numerous, small, simple, 1-veined. Sporophylls similar to other leaves or modified and forming compact, terminal spikes ('cones'). Sporangia axillary, 1-locular, homosporous. A family of 4 living genera and c. 250 species, pantropical with many southern temperate species. One native genus on each of the Islands. In addition to Lycopodium, the type genus, 2 other genera, Huperzia and Lycopodiella, previously treated as part of Lycopodium, are now generally recognised as distinct. The fourth is Phylloglossum, a monotypic genus from Australia and New Zealand. G.Bentham, Lycopodiaceae, Fl. Austral. 7: 670-682 (1878); D.L.Jones & S.C.Clemesha, Lycopodiaceae, Austral. Ferns & Fern Allies 2nd edn, 20-27 (1981); F.M.Tryon & A.F.Tryon, Lycopodiaceae, Ferns & Allied Pl. 796-812 (1982); B.Ollgaard, A revised classification of the Lycopodiaceae s. lat., Opera Bot. 92: 153-178 (1987); D.L.Jones, Lycopodiaceae, Encycl. Ferns 364-368 (1987); B.Ollgaard, Index of the Lycopodiaceae, Biol. Skr. 34: 1-135 (1989); P.J.Brownsey & J.C.Smith-Dodsworth, Lycopodiaceae, New Zealand Ferns Allied Pl. 19-24 (1989). KEY TO GENERA Roots in a basal tuft; branches clustered together; branch dichotomies equal... 1. HUPERZIA Roots occurring at nodes along stem; branch dichotomies unequal... 2. LYCOPODIELLA Flora of Australia 49:548 (1994) © genus Huperzia family Lycopodiaceae accepted genus Lycopodiaceae 1 1. HUPERZIA Huperzia Bernh. J. Bot. (Schrader) 1800(2): 126 (1801) named after Johann Peter Huperz (?-1816), a German botanist who wrote on ferns Type: H. selago (L.) Schrank & Mart. Epiphytic or terrestrial. Stems all similar, ascending or pendulous; branches bifurcating equally and of ± equal length; roots in a single basal tuft. Sporophylls resembling sterile leaves or reduced, persistent. Strobili ('cones') made up of sporangia in the axils of unmodified or reduced leaves, erect, merging into vegetative shoots or distinct. Sporangia reniform, shortly pedunculate. Prothallus subterranean, saprophytic. A cosmopolitan genus of 200 or more species; 1 species native to Lord Howe Is. G.Bentham, Lycopodiaceae, Lycopodium, Fl. Austral. 7: 674 (1878). Flora of Australia 49: 549 (1994) © species Huperzia varia genus Huperzia accepted species 1 Huperzia varia (R.Br.) Trev. Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat. 17: 247 (1874) Lycopodium varium R.Br., Prodr. 165 (1810); Lycopodium selago var. varium (R.Br.) F.Muell., Fragm. 10: 118 (1877); Urostigma varius (R.Br.) Herter ex Nessel, Barlappgewachse 192 (1939).T: Tasmania, 1804, R.Brown; holo: BM. The epithet is the Latin for diverse, presumably alluding to the leaves either spreading or overlapping. [Lycopodium myrtifolium auct. non G.Forst.: G.Bentham, Fl. Austral. 7: 674 (1876) et auct. mult.] [Lycopodium nutans auct. non Brack.: J.H.Maiden, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales 24: 383 (1899)] Illustrations: D.L.Jones & S.C.Clemesha, Austral. Ferns & Fern Allies 2nd edn, 23, fig. 6b (1981), as L. myrtifolium; B.Duncan & G.Isaac, Ferns & Allied Pl. Victoria, Tasmania & S. Australia 41 (1986), as L. varium; S.B.Andrews, Ferns Queensland 233, fig. 20.4A (1990), as L. myrtifolium. Terrestrial, perennial, ± erect, up to 50 cm high, usually less; ± tufted branches relatively few. Leaves crowded, narrowly lanceolate-linear, 10-15 mm long, 2-3 mm broad, ± blunt. Cone slender, (3-) 6-15 cm long, 3-5 mm broad; sporophylls imbricate in 4 rows, variable, some ± intermediate with vegetative leaves, ovate, 2-5 mm long, entire, cuspidate. Lord Howe Is. Known from the upper slopes of Mt Gower. Also known from Australia (southern Qld, N.S.W., Vic. and Tas.) and New Zealand. Classified as 'rare, very uncommon' by J.Pickard (Biol. Conservation 27: 139, 1983). L.H.Is.: N ridge of Mt Gower, P.S.Green 1649 (K); summit of Mt Gower, J.P.Fullagar (K, MEL). Flora of Australia 49 (1994) © genus Lycopodiella family Lycopodiaceae accepted genus Lycopodiaceae 2 2. LYCOPODIELLA Lycopodiella Holub Preslia 36: 22 (1964) the name is derived from that of the related Lycopodium plus the diminutive suffix -ella Type: L. inundatum (L.) Holub. Terrestrial ferns, of diverse habit. Rhizome indeterminate, rooting. Stems erect, simple or branched. Sporophylls and vegetative leaves dissimilar; sporophylls ephemeral, usually subpeltate. Cones terminal on simple branches or apparently lateral, pendulous or erect. Prothallus green, hemisaprophytic. A genus of c. 40 species, mostly from the Americas; 1 species native to Norfolk Is. G.Bentham, Lycopodiaceae, Lycopodium, Fl. Austral. 7: 676 (1878). Flora of Australia 49: 550 (1994) © species Lycopidiella cernua genus Lycopodiella accepted species 1 Lycopodiella cernua (L.) Pic.Serm. Webbia 23: 166 (1968) Lycopodium cernuum L., Sp. Pl. 2: 1103 (1753).T: locality unknown, LINN 1257.15; holo: LINN; IDC microfiche 177/2.735/15. Named from the Latin cernuus (nodding), alluding to the inclination of the cones. Illustrations: D.L.Jones, Encycl. Ferns 365, 366 (1987); P.J.Brownsey & J.C.Smith-Dodsworth, New Zealand Ferns & Allied Pl. 20, fig. 20, t. 2B (1989); S.B.Andrews, Ferns Queensland 227, fig. 20.1B (1990); all as Lycopodium cernuum. Rhizome long-creeping; stems to 1 m high, much branched in upper part. Leaves crowded, linear-subulate, 3-5 mm long. Cones solitary on nodding tips of branchlets, oblong, 0.5-1 (-1.5) cm long, obtuse; sporophylls closely overlapping, ovate, denticulate, cuspidate. Club Moss. Norfolk Is. Possibly a relatively recent arrival. This species has a pantropical distribution. In open areas in the forest. N.Is.: valley S of Mt Bates, P.S.Green 1896 (K); s. loc., B.Chapman in J.D.McComish 253 (K). Flora of Australia 49: 550 (1994) © species Lycopodium deuterodensum genus Lycopodium doubtful species Lycopodium 1 Doubtful record Lycopodium deuterodensum Herter, Index Lycopod. 15 (1949) (L. densum Labill. nom. illeg. non Lam.) has been recorded from Norfolk Is., first by Bentham (Fl. Austral. 7: 676, 1878) and subsequently copied by other authors, but a search has failed to find any specimen upon which this record could be based, and the species has not been found since on the Island. Flora of Australia 49 (1994) © family Selaginellaceae order Selaginellales accepted family Pteridophyta SELAGINELLACEAE Terrestrial herbs, erect or creeping, often with rhizophores, usually much branched. Leaves numerous, small, 1-veined, with a small ligule, often of two kinds borne in two planes. Sporophylls in compact, terminal strobili (cones); sporangia axillary, producing 1-4 relatively large megaspores or very numerous, minute microspores; megasporangia and microsporangia usually in same spike. A monogeneric family of perhaps 700 or more species, found mostly in the humid tropical or subtropical regions of the world, but with a few temperate species; 1 species naturalised on Norfolk Is. G.Bentham, Lycopodiaceae, Fl. Austral. 7: 677-679 (1878); A.H.G.Alston, The genus Selaginella in the Malay Peninsula, Gard. Bull. Straits Settlem. 8: 41-62 (1934); A.H.G.Alston, The Selaginellae of the Malay Islands, 1, Java and the Lesser Sunda Islands, Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg 13: 432-442 (1935); A.H.G.Alston, The Selaginellae of the Malay Islands, 2, Sumatra, Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg 14: 175-186 (1937); K.M.Wong, Critical Observations on Peninsular Malaysian Selaginella, Gard. Bull. Singapore 35: 107-135 (1982). Flora of Australia 49: 550 (1994) © genus Selaginella family Selaginellaceae accepted genus Selaginellaceae 1 SELAGINELLA Selaginella P.Beauv. Mag. Encycl. Paris IX 5: 478 (1804) a diminutive of selago, a name used by Pliny for a plant resembling a Mediterranean species of juniper Type: S. spinosa P.Beauv., nom. illeg. = S. selaginoides (L.) Link A large genus of perhaps 700 or more species found mostly in humid tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Flora of Australia 49: 551 (1994) © species Selaginella kraussiana genus Selaginella accepted species 1 *Selaginella kraussiana (Kunze) A.Braun Index Sem. Hort. Bot. Berol. App. 22 (1859) Lycopodium kraussianum Kunze, Linnaea 18: 114 (1844).T: Natal, South Africa, C.F.F. von Krauss; iso: K. Named after the collector of the type specimen. Illustrations: B.D.Duncan & G.Isaac, Ferns & Allied Pl. Victoria, Tasmania & S. Australia 52, fig. 4.15C, 54, fig. 4.18 (1986); D.L.Jones, Encycl. Ferns 52, 371 (1987); S.B.Andrews, Ferns Queensland 319, fig. 33.1D (1990). Trailing herb, 20-30 cm long, much branched, with a rhizophore at each branching. Leaves of two forms: lateral leaves crowded on terminal branches, lanceolate-oblong, 2-3 mm long, acute; median leaves appressed, lanceolate, 1.5-2 mm long, acuminate, slightly keeled. Cones, when produced, narrow, 5 mm long; sporophylls ovate, acuminate, keeled. Occurs on Norfolk Is. A garden escape, persisting as a weed in a few places. N.Is.: New Cascade Rd, W.R.Sykes NI 658 (CHR). Flora of Australia 49: 551 (1994) © species Selaginella uliginosa genus Selaginella doubtful species Selaginella 1 Doubtful record Selaginella uliginosa (Labill.) Spring was recorded by G.Bentham (Fl. Austral. 7: 678, 1878) from Lord Howe Is., based on a collection by C.Moore. This has not been traced and it is believed that the specimen at Kew annotated in Baker's hand: 'Lord Howe's Island Hb. Macleay recd. 5/73' is mislabelled. Flora of Australia 49: 551 (1994) © family Ophioglossaceae order Ophioglossales accepted family Pteridophyta OPHIOGLOSSACEAE Terrestrial or epiphytic herbs; rhizome short, erect. Fronds solitary or few, simple or divided. Sporangia borne in a simple or branched spike which arises on or at the top of the common stipe of the lamina. Sporangia numerous, large, without an annulus, many-spored, in Ophioglossum ± sunk into the surrounding tissue. A worldwide family of 4 genera and c. 55 species; 2 genera native to Lord Howe Is., 1 also native to Norfolk Is. G.Bentham, Filices, Tribe Ophioglosseae, Fl. Austral. 7: 688-690 (1878); R.T.Clausen, A Monograph of the Ophioglossaceae, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 19: 1-77 (1938); J.H.Wieffering, A preliminary revision of the Indo-Pacific species of Ophioglossum (Ophioglossaceae), Blumea 12: 321-337 (1964); R.E.Holttum, Fl. Malaya (Ferns) 2nd edn, 2: 38-42 (1968); D.L.Jones & S.C.Clemesha, Austral. Ferns & Fern Allies 2nd edn, 57, 62-63 (1981); R.M.Tryon & F.M.Tryon, Ferns & Allied Pl. 25-39 (1982). KEY TO GENERA Sterile lamina simple, or the upper end sometimes once branched; venation reticulate... 1. OPHIOGLOSSUM Sterile lamina compound; venation open and dichotomous... 2. BOTRYCHIUM Flora of Australia 49: 551 (1994) © genus Ophioglossum family Ophioglossaceae accepted genus Ophioglossaceae 1 1. OPHIOGLOSSUM Ophioglossum L. Sp. Pl. 2: 1062 (1753) Gen. Pl. 5th edn, 484 (1754); from the Greek ophis (snake) and glossa (tongue), from Adder's Tongue, the folk-name in several languages Type: O. vulgatum L. Terrestrial, perennial or annual herbs. Fronds erect or pendulous, somewhat fleshy, with a stipe which is common to the fertile spike(s); lamina simple or palmately lobed, with reticulate venation; primary areoles with free veinlets. Sporangia borne in 1-several, simple, stalked spikes; sporangia ± immersed in 2 marginal rows, dehiscing by transverse slits. A cosmopolitan but mainly tropical genus of 25-30 species. Four native species on Lord Howe Is., with 1 also on Norfolk Is. G.Bentham, Filices, Ophioglossum, Fl. Austral. 7: 688-689 (1878). 1 Terrestrial herb; fronds erect, lamina 1-6 cm long... 2 1 Epiphytic herb; fronds pendulous; lamina 30-100 cm long... 4. O. pendulum 2 Sterile lamina broadly ovate, broadly obtuse to subtruncate at base, venation clearly reticulate; plants 3-7 cm tall; spike with peduncle 1.2-4 cm long... 1. O. reticulatum 2 Sterile lamina lanceolate, ovate-lanceolate or elliptic, obtuse to narrowly acute at base, venation clearly or obscurely reticulate; plants 5-20 cm tall; spike with peduncle (1.5-) 4-14 cm long... 3 3 Sterile lamina thick, with obvious venation, lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, ± obtuse at base; spike 2-5 cm long, with peduncle (1.5-) 5-14 cm long... 2. O. petiolatum 3 Sterile lamina somewhat thick with venation ± obscure, elliptic to broadly elliptic, rarely somewhat narrowly lanceolate, acute to narrowly acute at base; spike 0.5-4 cm long, with peduncle 4-8 cm long... 3. O. coriaceum Flora of Australia 49: 552 (1994) © species Ophioglossum reticulatum genus Ophiglossum accepted species 1 Ophioglossum reticulatum L. Sp. Pl. 2: 1063 (1753) T: Haiti, not designated; lecto: C.Plumier, Traite Foug. Amer. t. 164 (1705), fide G.R.Proctor in R.A.Howard, Fl. Lesser Antilles 2: 43 (1977). So named from the reticulate venation. Illustrations: J.H.Wieffering, Blumea 12: 325 (1964); G.Brownlie, Pterido. Fl. Fiji 47, t. 4, fig. 1 (1977); P.G.Wilson in G.J.Harden, Fl. New South Wales 1: 18 (1990). Terrestrial herb 3-7 cm tall. Fronds erect. Sterile lamina broadly ovate, 1.5-2.5 cm long, (0.8-) 1.2-1.5 cm broad, broadly obtuse to subtruncate at base, acute at apex, venation evident. Fertile spike 0.8-1.2 cm long on a stipe 1.2-4 cm long. Lord Howe Is. Rare? Of pantropical distribution. Very recently collected for the first time on the Island from a small, very local population growing in a mossy substrate. Not known from Australia or New Zealand. L.H.Is.: The Saddle, I.Hutton 578 (K). The description above is based on Hutton 578, cited above; with further collections the dimensions may be increased slightly. It appears to coincide with J.H.Wieffering's figure of O. reticulatum f. dilatatum (Miq.) Wieff. in Blumea 12: 325 (1964). Flora of Australia 49:552 (1994) © species Ophioglossum petiolatum genus Ophioglossum accepted species 2 Ophioglossum petiolatum Hook. Exot. Fl. 1: 56 (1823) T: cult., grown from a sporeling on the root of a plant introduced from the West Indies; holo: K. So named from the conspicuously petiolate leaves. [Ophioglossum vulgatum auct. non L.: J.H.Maiden, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales 28: 740 (1904); R.M.Laing, Trans. & Proc. New Zealand Inst. 47: 15 (1915)] Illustrations: D.L.Jones, Encycl. Ferns 58 (1987); P.J.Brownsey & J.C.Smith-Dodsworth, New Zealand Ferns & Allied Pl. 35, fig. 36, t. 4F (1989); S.B.Andrews, Ferns Queensland 262, fig. 25.3B (1990). Terrestrial herb 10-20 cm tall. Fronds erect. Sterile lamina thick, lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, 2-6 cm long, 1-2 cm broad, widest in the lower half, basally ± obtuse, apically acute; venation evident. Spike 2-5 cm long, with peduncle (1.5-) 5-14 cm long. Norfolk Is., Lord Howe Is. Rare, dying down in summer. Also known from New Zealand, the Kermadec Islands, all Australian States and New Caledonia. N.Is.: Mt Pitt, F.C.Allen CHR229320 (CHR); s. loc., R.M.Laing (CHR); s. loc., 1902, I.Robinson (NSW). L.H.Is.: North Beach, I.R.H.Telford 7049 & M.D.Crisp (CBG). Ophioglossum petiolatum is sometimes included in O. reticulatum by Australian authors (e.g. P.G.Wilson in G.J.Harden, Fl. New South Wales 1: 18, 1990). Flora of Australia 49: 553 (1994) © species Ophioglossum coriaceum genus Ophioglossum accepted species 3 Ophioglossum coriaceum A.Cunn. Companion Bot. Mag. 2: 361 (1837) T: New Zealand, A.Cunningham 161; holo: K. The epithet refers to the thick or coriaceous texture of the leaf lamina. Ophioglossum vulgatum var. lanceolatum Luerss., J. Mus. Godeffroy 8: 115 (1875); Ophioglossum prantlii C.Chr., Index Filic. 471 (1906); Ophioglossum vulgatum var. prantlii (C.Chr.) W.R.B.Oliv., Trans. & Proc. New Zealand Inst. 49: 126 (1917).T: Rockhampton, Queensland, A.Dietrich 513; holo: ?HBG n.v.; iso: BM. [Ophioglossum vulgatum auct. non L.: W.W.Watts, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales 37: 396 (1912)] Illustrations: C.Luerrsen, J. Mus. Godeffroy 8: t. 13, figs 66-76 (1875); P.J.Brownsey & J.C.Smith-Dodsworth, New Zealand Ferns & Allied Pl. 35, fig. 35, t. 4E (1989); P.G.Wilson in G.J.Harden, Fl. New South Wales 1: 18 (1990). Terrestrial, erect herb 5-15 cm tall. Sterile lamina somewhat thick, narrowly to broadly elliptic, rarely somewhat lanceolate, (1-) 2-4 (-5) cm long, 0.6-2 (usually c. 1.2) cm broad, usually widest towards middle, basally acute to narrowly acute, venation ± obscure. Spike 0.5-4 cm long, with peduncle 4-8 cm long. Fig. 101B.****.jpg Lord Howe Is. Of scattered occurrence throughout the Island, but never common. Also known from all Australian States and New Zealand. L.H.Is.: Johnsons Farm, 1911, W.W.Watts (NSW); Mt Eliza, A.C.Beauglehole 4745 (CANB, MEL); Erskine Valley, A.C.Beauglehole 5744 (CANB, MEL). Variable in size, and to some extent in the shape of the sterile laminas, this species has been the cause of much taxonomic confusion and is sometimes included in O. lusitanicum by Australian authors (e.g. R.Chinnock in J.P.Jessop & H.R.Toelken, Fl. S. Australia 4th edn, 1: 84, 1986). Flora of Australia 49: 553 (1994) © species Ophioglossum pendulum genus Ophioglosum accepted species 4 Ophioglossum pendulum L. in Stickman Herb. Amboin. 27 (1754) T: illustration in G.E.Rumphius, Herb. Amboin. 6: t. 37, fig. 3 (1750); an illustration of Scolopendria major. Named in allusion to its pendulous fronds. Illustrations: D.L.Jones & S.C.Clemesha, Austral. Ferns & Fern Allies 2nd edn, 62, fig. 37d (1981); D.L.Jones, Encycl. Ferns 346 (1987); S.B.Andrews, Ferns Queensland 260, fig. 25.2A (1990). Epiphyte, rhizome short. Sterile lamina 1-several, pendulous, strap-shaped, 30-100 cm long, 1-3 cm broad, gradually narrowed into an indefinite stipe, rounded, with apical part sometimes dichotomously forked; veins narrowly reticulate. Spike 6-15 cm long, 5-8 mm broad, arising from middle, or towards base of lamina; peduncle 2-5 cm long. Lord Howe Is. Rare. Also known from Madagascar, Ceylon and Malesia, to Australia (Qld and northern N.S.W.), and to the south-western Pacific islands, but not on Norfolk Is. or New Zealand. Growing in pockets of humus, for example, in and above plants of Platycerium, and probably overlooked there. L.H.Is.: Boat Harbour track. I.Hutton 585 (K); s. loc., 1948, M.Nicholls (NSW). Flora of Australia 49: 553 (1994) © genus Botrychium family Ophioglossaceae accepted genus Ophioglossaceae 2 2. BOTRYCHIUM Botrychium Sw. J. Bot. (Schrader) 1800(2): 8, 110 (1801) from the Greek botrychios, a diminutive derived from botrys (a bunch of grapes), in allusion to the appearance of the fertile portion of these plants Type: B. lunaria (L.) Sw. Perennial, terrestrial herbs. Fronds 1 or 2, erect, with a common stipe bearing sterile and fertile parts; venation open, dichotomous. Sporangia numerous, globose, naked, not immersed in surrounding tissue. A worldwide genus of c. 40 species; 1 species native to Lord Howe Is. G.Bentham, Filices, Botrychium, Fl. Austral. 7: 689-690 (1878). Flora of Australia 49: 554 (1994) © species Botrychium australe genus Botrychium accepted species 1 Botrychium australe R.Br. Prodr. 164 (1810) T: Port Jackson and Tasmania, Australia, 1802 & 1803, R.Brown; syn: BM. Named from the Latin australis (southern), referring to the Southern Hemisphere distribution of this species. Illustrations: D.L.Jones & S.C.Clemesha, Austral. Ferns & Fern Allies 2nd edn, 57, fig. 51 (1981); P.J.Brownsey & J.C.Smith-Dodsworth, New Zealand Ferns & Allied Pl. 33, fig. 32, t. 4B (1989); S.B.Andrews, Ferns Queensland 257, fig. 25.1A (1990). Herb, 15-30 (-40) cm tall. Sterile lamina with numerous, deep divisions, ± triangular in outline, (6-) 8-10 (-15) cm long, (6-) 8-10 (-15) cm broad at base. Fertile sporangiophore also much branched; sporangia very numerous, globose, c. 1 mm diam., opening by a transverse slit. Lord Howe Is. Rare. Also known from eastern Australia and New Zealand. Found in shade. L.H.Is.: in the vicinity of the post office, 1920, J.L.Boorman (NSW); The Saddle, J.Pickard 3626 (NSW). Flora of Australia 49: 554 (1994) © family Marattiaceae order Marattiales accepted family Pteridophyta MARATTIACEAE P.S.Green Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AB, England Large terrestrial ferns with massive, erect or creeping, fleshy rhizome. Fronds small to very large, simple or pinnately compound, attached by an enlarged joint and stipule-like outgrowth. Sporangia in rounded or elongate dorsal sori, free or connate into thick-walled synangia opening by a ventral, longitudinal slit; homosporous. A family of 5 genera and c. 200 species, from the moist tropics and subtropics; 1 genus native to the Islands. Flora of Australia 49: 554 (1994) © genus Marattia family Marattia accepted genus Marattiaceae 1 MARATTIA Marattia Sw. Prodr. 128 (1788) named after the Italian botanist, Giovanni Francesco Marratti (?-1777) Type: M. alata Sw. Medium-sized to massive ferns; rhizomes stout. Fronds with a pair of fleshy stipules at base of stipe, pinnately compound, with base of pinnae pulvinate; veins free, simple or forked. Sporangia coalescent in double row to form oval to oblong or rounded synangia along each side of midvein. A genus of c. 60 species, distributed in most tropical countries, and reaching New Zealand and Japan; 1 native species on each of the Islands. G.Bentham, Filices, Marattia, Fl. Austral. 7: 694-695 (1878). Synangia (1-) 1.5-2.5 mm long, with (6-) 7-14 (-16) pairs of sori; base of midveins of pinnae on undersides with scattered, cobwebby scales (N.Is.)... 1. M. salicina Synangia 2-3.5 mm long, with (15-) 20-22 pairs of sori; base of midveins on undersides glabrous (L.H.Is.)... 2. M. howeana Flora of Australia 49: 554 (1994) © species Marattia salicina genus Marattia accepted species 1 Marattia salicina Sm. in A.Rees Cycl. 22: Marattia No. 6 (1812) T: 'New South Wales' [Norfolk Island], Molesworth in Herb. Smith 1644.3; holo: LINN n.v.; photo seen (IDC microfiche 5073-837/15). The epithet comes from the Latin salix (willow), in allusion to the willow-shaped leaflets. Marattia elegans Endl., Prodr. Fl. Norfolk. 6 (1833).T: Norfolk Island, 1804-1805, F.L.Bauer; holo: W. [Marattia fraxinea auct. non Sm.: J.H.Maiden, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales 28: 740 (1904); R.M.Laing, Trans. & Proc. New Zealand Inst. 47: 15 (1915)] Illustrations: S.Firth et al., Ferns New Zealand 58 (1986); D.L.Jones, Encycl. Ferns 15 (1987); P.J.Brownsey & J.C.Smith-Dodsworth, New Zealand Ferns & Allied Pl. 36, fig. 37, t. 5A (1989). Large, robust fern. Stipes 2 m long; lamina 1-4 m long, 2- or 3-pinnate; pinnae alternate; pinnules shortly petiolulate, narrowly lanceolate, 8-15 cm long, 1-2 cm broad, finely serrate, acute, with scattered, long cobwebby scaly hairs beneath, especially towards base and midrib. Synangia marginal, 8-10 per cm, (1-) 1.5-2.5 mm long, with (6-) 7-14 (-16) pairs of sori. King Fern. Fig. 101E.****.jpg Norfolk Is. On the south-eastern slopes of Mts Pitt and Bates, vulnerable. Also known from New Zealand. Found in valleys. N.Is.: King Fern Gully, E slope of Mt Pitt, R.D.Hoogland 11192 (CANB, K, NSW); s. loc., 1884, I.Robinson (MEL, NSW). Although in his original description Smith ascribed the plant to N.S.W., no Marattia occurs there and it is most probable that he had received what was the Norfolk Is. plant, via Port Jackson [Sydney] (see A.H.G.Alston, J. Bot. 74: 74, 1936). Flora of Australia 49: 556 (1994) © species Marattia howeana genus Marattia accepted species 2 Marattia howeana (W.R.B.Oliv.) P.S.Green Kew Bull. 43: 655 (1988) Marattia fraxinea var. howeana W.R.B.Oliv., Trans. & Proc. New Zealand Inst. 49: 125 (1917).T: Deep Creek, Lord Howe Island, W.R.B.Oliver; holo: WELT. The epithet is derived from the name of the island on which this fern is endemic. [Marattia salicina auct. non Sm.: F.J.H. von Mueller, Fragm. 10: 118 (1877)] [Marattia fraxinea auct. non Sm.: G.Bentham, Fl. Austral. 7: 695 (1879); W.B.Hemsley, Ann. Bot. (London) 10: 267 (1896)] Marattia salicina Sm. subsp.: G.L.Lucas & A.H.M.Synge, IUCN Red Data Book 41 (1978); A.N.Rodd & J.Pickard, Cunninghamia 1: 269 (1983). Illustration: C.J.Goudey, Austral. Fern J. 1: fig. 12 [but not fig. 13] (1984). Large, robust fern. Fronds up to 4 m long, 2- or 3-pinnate; pinnae alternate; pinnules very shortly petiolulate, lanceolate, 6-9 cm long, 1-2 cm broad, distinctly crenulate, ± abruptly acuminate, glabrous. Synangia submarginal, 8 or 9 per cm, 2-3.5 mm long, with 15-22 pairs of sori. Horse Shoe Fern, King Fern. Fig. 101C-D.****.jpg Lord Howe Is. Endemic, and threatened. Occurs in the mountainous southern half of the Island. Found beside streams in dense forest. L.H.Is.: Eddies Cave, J.Pickard 3591 (NSW); N side of Erskine Valley, A.C.Beauglehole 5746 (CANB, MEL); loc. id., P.S.Green 2367 (K); Big Ck, C.Moore 21 & 64 (K, MEL). Related to M. attenuata Labill. of New Caledonia. Flora of Australia 49 (1994) © family Osmundaceae order Osmundales accepted family Pteridophyta OSMUNDACEAE P.S.Green Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AB, England Terrestrial ferns. Rhizomes short or trunk-like, without hairs or scales. Fronds uniform or dimorphic, 1-3-pinnate; veins free. Sporangia not aggregated in sori, large, maturing simultaneously, opening by vertical slits; rudimentary annulus represented by a group of thick-walled cells. A family of 3 genera and 18 species, of worldwide representation; 1 genus native to Lord Howe Is. Flora of Australia 49: 557 (1994) © genus Leptopteris family Osmundaceae accepted genus Osmundaceae 1 LEPTOPTERIS Leptopteris C.Presl Suppl. Tent. Pterid. 70 (1845) from the Greek leptos (thin or slender) and pteris (fern), in allusion to the thin texture of these delicate ferns Type: L. hymenophylloides (A.Rich.) C.Presl Ferns with stout, erect trunk up to 1 m tall. Fronds 2- or 3-pinnate or 3-pinnate-pinnatisect, very thin, lacking mesophyll and stomata. Sporangia naked, clustered around basal region of veins on dorsal surface of pinnules. A genus of c. 7 species from Papua New Guinea, eastern Australia, New Zealand, Vanuatu, Fiji and Samoa. One species endemic to Lord Howe Is. Characteristic of very humid situations. G.Bentham, Filicales, Tribe Osmundeae, Todea, Fl. Austral. 7: 699-700 (1878). Flora of Australia 49: 557 (1994) © species Leptopteris moorei genus Leptopteris accepted species 1 Leptopteris moorei (Baker) H.Christ Farnkr. Erde 335 (1897) Todea moorei Baker, J. Bot. 11: 16 (1873); Osmunda moorei (Baker) F.Muell., Fragm. 9: 78 (1875).T: summit of Mt Gower, Lord Howe Island, R.D.Fitzgerald; holo: K. Named after Charles Moore, (1820-1905), Director of the Botanic Gardens, Sydney, (1849-1896), who collected on Lord Howe Is. in 1869. Illustration: J.G.Baker, Hooker's Icon. Pl. 17: t. 1697 (1887). Fern with trunk 20-30 cm tall. Fronds delicate, 0.5-1 m long, 30-45 cm broad, 2- or 3-pinnate or pinnatisect; pinnules numerous, overlapping, lanceolate, bluntly denticulate. Fig. 101F.****.jpg Lord Howe Is. Endemic and confined to the summit of Mt Gower, vulnerable. L.H.Is.: Mt Gower, C.Moore 17 (K, MEL); summit of Mt Gower, J.Pickard 2623 & 2629 (NSW). Flora of Australia 49: 557 (1994) © species Lygodium japonicum genus Lygodium accepted family Pteridophyta SCHIZAEACEAE P.S.Green Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AB, England There is a specimen of the climbing fern Lygodium japonicum (Thunb.) Sw., in the herbarium of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Sydney labelled 'Norfolk Island' in J.H.Maiden's hand, but although this fern is known from tropical Australia this record for Norfolk Is. has not been confirmed and the specimen may be presumed to have been mislabelled. Flora of Australia 49: 557 (1994) © family Hymenophyllaceae order Hymenophyllales accepted family Pteridophyta HYMENOPHYLLACEAE P.S.Green Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AB, England Epiphytic, lithophytic or terrestrial ferns of humid places. Rhizomes slender, long-creeping or short and suberect. Fronds diverse; lamina membranous, only one cell thick, without stomata. Sori marginal at vein endings; sporangia on short or elongate receptacles enclosed in tubular or cup-like indusia, often 2-lobed; sporangia developing basipetally, sessile, with an oblique or horizontal annulus. A family with a variable number of genera between 2 and 34, depending on the authority followed, but containing c. 600 species, most abundant in the wet tropics; 2 genera native on each Island. They are usually called Filmy Ferns, because of their thin, membranous (usually 1 cell thick), often semi-transparent fronds. For generic classification see Morton (1968) (below), where two of the genera recognised below are treated as sections of the genus Trichomanes. C.V.Morton, The genera, subgenera and sections of Hymenophyllum, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 38: 153-214 (1968); K.Iwatsuki in K.Kubitzki, Families & Genera of Vascular Plants 1: 157-163 (1990). KEY TO GENERA 1 Involucre cup-shaped and 2-lipped or ± deeply 2-lobed; receptacle usually not exserted; rhizome always slender, often long-creeping... 1. HYMENOPHYLLUM 1 Involucre narrowly or broadly tubular, ± truncate and entire, sometimes ± dilated; receptacle often long-exserted; rhizome long-creeping or erect... 2 2 Rhizome wiry, long-creeping... 2. CREPIDOMANES 2 Rhizome robust, erect... 3. CEPHALOMANES Flora of Australia 49: 557 (1994) © genus Hymenophyllum family Hymenophyllaceae accepted genus Hymenophyllaceae 1 1. HYMENOPHYLLUM Hymenophyllum Sm. Mem. Acad. Roy. Sci. (Turin) 5: 418 (1793) from the Greek hymen (a thin membrane) and phyllum (a leaf), in allusion to the texture of the leaves in this genus Type: H. tunbridgense (L.) Sm. Delicate epiphytes; rhizomes slender, often long-creeping. Fronds scattered, ascending or pendent; stipe slender; lamina pinnate or 2-4-pinnatifid, glabrous or hairy; ultimate segments entire or toothed, 1-veined. Sori usually immersed, or partially free; involucre cup-shaped and 2-lipped or ± deeply 2-lobed; receptacle included to long-exserted. A genus with c. 300 species of widespread distribution in humid habitats; 2 species endemic to Lord Howe Is. For a discussion of subdivisions of this genus see C.V.Morton, loc. cit. G.Bentham, Filicales, Hymenophyllum, Fl. Austral. 7: 704-707 (1878). Fronds 5-12 cm long; ultimate pinnules 0.5-1 mm wide; margins of involucre entire... 1. H. howense Fronds 2-6 cm long; ultimate pinnules 1.5-2 mm wide; margins of involucre dentate... 2. H. moorei Flora of Australia 49: 558 (1994) © species Hymenophyllum howense genus Hymenophyllum accepted species 1 Hymenophyllum howense Brownlie Pacific Sci. 14: 244 (1960) T: Mt Gower, Lord Howe Island, C.Moore 4; holo: K. Named after the island on which this species occurs. [Hymenophyllum tunbridgense auct. non (L.) Sm.: F.J.H. von Mueller, Fragm. 9: 78 (1875); G.Bentham, Fl. Austral. 7: 706 (1878), p.p.; W.R.B.Oliver, Trans. & Proc. New Zealand Inst. 49: 118 (1917)] [Hymenophyllum flabellatum auct. non Labill.: G.Bentham, Fl. Austral. 7: 705 (1878), p.p.; W.R.B.Oliver, Trans. & Proc. New Zealand Inst. 49: 118 (1917)] [Hymenophyllum multifidum auct. non (G.Forst.) Sw.: G.Bentham, Fl. Austral. 7: 708 (1878); A.N.Rodd & J.Pickard, Cunninghamia 1: 269 (1983)] [Hymenophyllum nitens auct. non R.Br.: R.Tate in J.J.Fletcher, Macleay Mem. Vol. 218 (1893)] Rhizome creeping, wiry, with reddish brown adpressed hairs. Fronds: stipe 2-5 (-7) cm long, with scattered hairs; lamina triangular-ovate, 4-6 cm long, 2-5 cm broad, 3- or 4-pinnatifid; ultimate divisions narrowly linear, 0.5-1 mm broad, obscurely serrate. Sori not immersed, terminal on short segments of lamina; involucre oblong, rounded, lobes c. half the length of involucre, entire; receptacle eventually exserted. Fig. 101G-H.****.jpg Lord Howe Is. Endemic in the upper regions of Mts Gower and Lidgbird. Found especially in moss-forest. L.H.Is.: top of Mt Gower, P.S.Green 1592 & 1596 (A, K, NSW); summit of Mt Lidgbird, C.Moore 84 (K, NSW); SW cliffs of Mt Lidgbird, A.N.Rodd 1777 (BRI, K, NSW). This species belongs to subg. Hymenophyllum, and is closely related to the New Zealand H. multifidum (G.Forst.) Sw., from which it differs in the generally smaller fronds, obscure teeth and more elongate indusia. Flora of Australia 49: 558 (1994) © species Hymenophyllum moorei genus Hymenophyllum accepted species 2 Hymenophyllum moorei Baker in W.J.Hooker & J.G.Baker Syn. Fil. 2nd edn, 2: 464 (1874) T: Lord Howe Island, C.Moore; holo: K. Named after Charles Moore (1820-1905), Director of the Botanic Gardens, Sydney (1849-1896), who collected on Lord Howe Is. in 1869. [Hymenophyllum pumilum auct. non C.Moore ex Baker: G.Bentham, Fl. Austral. 7: 706 (1878), p.p.; W.R.B.Oliver, Trans. & Proc. New Zealand Inst. 49: 118 (1917)] [Hymenophyllum minimum auct. non A.Rich.: G.Bentham, Fl. Austral. 7: 706 (1878), p.p.; W.R.B.Oliver, Trans. & Proc. New Zealand Inst. 49: 118 (1917)] Illustration: E.B.Copeland, Philipp. J. Sci. 64: 91, t. 45 (1937), as H. pumilum. Rhizome shortly creeping, wiry, with reddish brown adpressed hairs. Fronds: stipe 1-3 cm long; lamina ovate-lanceolate in outline, 1-3 cm long, 0.5-2 cm wide, bipinnatifid; ultimate divisions linear, 1.5-2 mm wide, serrate. Sori immersed, lateral; involucre rounded, subtruncate, strongly serrate towards apex; receptacle included. Lord Howe Is. Endemic, in the upper regions of Mts Gower and Lidgbird. Found especially in moss-forest. L.H.Is.: summit of Mt Gower, P.S.Green 1666 (A, K, NSW); loc. id., 1911, W.W.Watts (BRI, NSW); summit ridge of Mt Lidgbird, J.Pickard 1483 (NSW). This species also belongs to subg. Hymenophyllum. Flora of Australia 49: 559 (1994) © genus Crepidomanes family Hymenophyllaceae accepted genus Hymenophyllaceae 2 2. CREPIDOMANES Crepidomanes (C.Presl) C.Presl Epimel. Bot. 258 (1851) Trichomanes subg. Crepidomanes C.Presl, op. cit. 17; from the Greek krepis (a slipper) and manos (slender or loose), presumably in allusion to the sori resembling a slender or loose slipper or shoe Type: C. intramarginale (Hook. & Grev.) C.Presl Epiphytic, lithophytic or terrestrial ferns. Rhizome long-creeping, somewhat slender. Fronds usually separated along rhizome; stipe distinct; lamina flabellate, digitate or 1-4-pinnate; false veins present. Sori solitary on tips of lateral or ultimate segments; involucre cup-shaped, ± truncate or 2-lipped; receptacle long-exserted. A genus of c. 120 species, mostly from the Old World tropics; 2 species native to Norfolk Is. Fronds 3-10 cm long, delicate, slender, irregularly bipinnate... 1. C. endlicherianum Fronds 0.5-2.5 cm long, flabellate, almost circular in outline... 2. C. saxifragoides Flora of Australia 49: 559 (1994) © species Crepidomanes endlicherianum genus Crepidomanes accepted species 1 Crepidomanes endlicherianum (C.Presl) P.S.Green Kew Bull. 48: 618 (1993) Trichomanes endlicherianum C.Presl, Gefassbundel Farrn 25 (1847); Trichomanes humile var. B[eta] in W.J.Hooker & J.G.Baker, Syn. Fil. 80 (1868); Crepidopteris endlicherianum (C.Presl) Copel., Philipp. J. Sci. 67: 58 (1938); Crepidophyllum endlicherianum (C.Presl) H.S.Reed, Amer. Fern J. 38: 89 (1948); Reediella endlicherianum (C.Presl) Pic.Serm., Webbia 24: 719 (1970).T: Norfolk Island, 1804-1805, F.L.Bauer; holo: W. Named after the Austrian botanist Stephan Endlicher (1804-1849), the author of the first Flora of Norfolk Is., his Prodromus Florae Norfolkicae, 1833. [Trichomanes humile auct. non G.Forst.: S.F.L.Endlicher, Prodr. Fl. Norfolk. 17 (1833)] Illustrations: E.B.Copeland, Philipp. J. Sci. 51: 168, tt. 14, 15 (1933), as Trichomanes endlicheriana; M.Crookes & H.B.Dobbie, New Zealand Ferns 6th edn, 111 (1963), as Crepidopteris endlicheriana; E.Heath & R.J.Chinnock, Ferns & Fern Allies New Zealand 31, t. 65 (1974), as Trichomanes endlicheriana. Epiphytic, lithophytic or terrestrial ferns. Rhizome slender with simple reddish brown hairs. Fronds in scattered groups along rhizome; stipe 1-2 cm long; lamina irregularly bipinnate, 3-10 cm long, 1-2.5 cm broad, delicate, slender, dark green; ultimate segments linear-oblong, 1-5 mm long, obtuse, sometimes slightly emarginate. Sori immersed in tips of lateral segments; indusia tubular, trumpet-shaped; receptacle prominently exserted, 5-12 mm long. Middle Filmy Fern. Fig. 101I-J.****.jpg Norfolk Is. Also known from New Zealand, Fiji and Vanuatu, east to Samoa and Tahiti (but not New Caledonia). Found in the moist, shaded forest, often beside waterfalls. N.Is.: Now-Now Valley, R.D.Hoogland 11254 (K, NSW); between Palm Glen and Red Rd, M.Lazarides 8090 (CANB, K, NSW); valley S of Mt Bates, P.S.Green 1390 (A, K). Flora of Australia 49: 559 (1994) © species Crepidomanes saxifragoides genus Crepidomanes accepted species 2 Crepidomanes saxifragoides (C.Presl) P.S.Green Kew Bull. 48: 618 (1993) Trichomanes saxifragoides C.Presl, Hymenophyllaceae 16, 39 (1843); Gonocormus saxifragoides (C.Presl) Bosch, Verh. Kon. Ned. Akad. Wetensch. Afd. Natuurk. 9 (Hymenophyll. Javan.): 9 (1861).T: Philippine Islands, H.Cuming 256; holo: ?PR or ?PRC n.v.; iso: K. So named from a supposed resemblance to some species of Saxifraga. Illustrations: D.L.Jones & S.C.Clemesha, Austral. Ferns & Fern Allies 2nd edn, 44, fig. 20j (1981), as Gonocormus saxifragoides; D.L.Jones, Encycl. Ferns 66 (1987), as Trichomanes saxifragoides; P.G.Wilson in G.J.Harden, Fl. New South Wales 1: 34 (1990), as Gonocormus saxifragoides. Epiphytic or lithophytic fern, often forming large patches. Rhizome very slender, creeping, with simple brown hairs. Fronds: stipe wiry, 0.3-2 cm long, hairy; lamina fan-shaped, subreniform, or almost circular, 0.5-2.5 cm long, delicate, dark-green; segments ± oblong, 1-6 mm long, obtuse, emarginate or bifid. Sori immersed in apices of segments; indusia tubular with broadly dilated mouth; receptacle exserted to 0.5 mm when old. Small Filmy Fern. Norfolk Is. Localised, but not rare, even though first discovered only in the 1960s. Also known from Africa to Japan, and Malesia to north-eastern Australia, New Caledonia, Fiji and Samoa. Found in moist, humid valleys in the National Park. N.Is.: S side of Mt Bates, P.S.Green 1873 (K). Flora of Australia 49: 560 (1994) © genus Cephalomanes family Hymenophyllaceae accepted genus Hymenophyllaceae 3 3. CEPHALOMANES Cephalomanes C.Presl Hymenophyllaceae 17 (1843) from the Greek kephale (a head) and manos (slender or loose), presumably in allusion to the slender receptacles in the type species Type: C. atrovirens C.Presl Terrestrial or lithophytic fern. Rhizomes erect or only shortly creeping, relatively thick. Fronds somewhat clustered on rhizome; stipe distinct; lamina usually only 1-pinnate, with false veins absent; cell walls usually thick. Sori usually at tips of ultimate segments; indusium cup-shaped, bell-shaped or tubular, truncate, entire or dilated; receptacle long-exserted. A genus of c. 60 species, mostly from the Old World; 2 native species on Lord Howe Is. with 1 also present on Norfolk Is. G.Bentham, Filicales, Trichomanes, Fl. Austral. 7: 700-704 (1878). Fronds 7-20 cm long, pinnate; segments broad... 1. C. atrovirens Fronds 15-50 cm long, deeply and narrowly tripinnatifid... 2. C. bauerianum Flora of Australia 49: 560 (1994) © species Cephalomanes atrovirens genus Cephalomanes accepted species 1 Cephalomanes atrovirens C.Presl Hymenophyllaceae 18, t. 5 (1843) Trichomanes atrovirens (C.Presl) Kuntze, Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 5: 371 (1847).T: Philippine Islands, H.Cuming 169; holo: ?PR or ?PRC n.v. The epithet comes from the Latin ater (black) and virens (green), in allusion to the dark colour of the fronds. [Trichomanes javanicum auct. non Blume: W.R.B.Oliver, Trans. & Proc. New Zealand Inst. 49: 117 (1917)] Illustrations: D.L.Jones & S.C.Clemesha, Austral. Ferns & Fern Allies, 2nd edn, 45, fig. 221 (1981); P.J.Brownsey & J.C.Smith-Dodsworth, New Zealand Ferns & Allied Pl. 69, fig. 71, t. 16A (1989), as Hymenophyllum atrovirens; S.B.Andrews, Ferns Queensland 197, fig. 16.14A (1990). Terrestrial or lithophytic fern. Rhizome erect, often elevated on stilt-like roots. Fronds: stipe 1-4 cm long, hairy; lamina somewhat harsh-textured, ± erect, 7-20 cm long, pinnate; pinnae 4-6 mm broad, asymmetrical; veins prominent, protruding beyond the margin as tiny mucros. Sori marginal, free; indusia tubular, 1-2 mm long, slightly dilated; receptacle exserted by 1-6 mm. Lord Howe Is. Rare, no recent records seen. Also known from Australia (northern Qld), Vanuatu, the Solomon Islands, New Guinea and the Philippines. L.H.Is.: Soldiers or Deep Ck, 1887, T.Whitelegge (NSW). This species is very closely related to C. javanicum (Blume) C.Presl and C. boryanum (Kunze) Bosch. Flora of Australia 49: 561 (1994) © species Cephalomanes bauerianum genus Cephalomanes accepted species 2 Cephalomanes bauerianum (Endl.) P.S.Green Kew Bull. 48: 618 (1993) Trichomanes bauerianum Endl., Prodr. Fl. Norfolk. 17 (1833); Trichomanes meifolium var. bauerianum (Endl.) Hook., Syn. Fil. 1: 137 (1845); Callistopteris bauerianum (Endl.) Copel., Philipp. J. Sci. 67: 65 (1938).T: Norfolk Island, F.L.Bauer; holo: W; iso: K. Named after the Austrian botanical artist, Frederick Lucas Bauer (1760-1826), who collected on Norfolk Is. in 1804-1805. [Trichomanes polyanthos auct. non Hook.: F.J.H. von Mueller, Fragm. 7: 121 (1870)] [Trichomanes apiifolium auct. non C.Presl: G.Bentham, Fl. Austral. 7: 703 (1878); J.H.Maiden, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales 28: 729 (1904)] Illustration: E.B.Copeland, Philipp. J. Sci. 51: t. 42, fig. 2 (1933), as Trichomanes bauerianum. Terrestrial or lithophytic fern. Rhizome short, erect, supported by coarse roots, with abundant dark brown, filiform scales and hairs 4-7 mm long. Fronds: stipe 5-25 cm tall, filiform, hairy; lamina ± erect, lanceolate in outline, 10-30 cm long, deeply and abundantly tripinnatifid; pinnae often overlapping; segments linear, 0.5-0.75 mm broad, obtuse; veins not protruding. Sori somewhat immersed in tips of lateral pinnae; indusia conoid, 1 mm long, ± flared at apex; receptacle becoming exserted when fully developed, 2 mm long. Large Filmy Fern. Occurs on Norfolk Is., Lord Howe Is. Growing beside streams in deep forest shade, endemic to the Islands. N.Is.: Mt Pitt Reserve, M.Lazarides 8088 (CANB, K, NSW); valley S of Mt Bates, P.S.Green 1895 (K); Now-Now Valley, R.D.Hoogland 11253 (NSW). L.H.Is.: top of Mt Gower, P.S.Green 1599 (K, NSW); Erskine Valley, J.C.Game 69/148 (K); Rocky Run, J.Pickard 3428 (NSW). This species is related to Trichomanes apiifolium C.Presl (combination not currently available in Cephalomanes) of Malesia and Melanesia. Flora of Australia 49: 561 (1994) © family Adiantaceae order Pteridales accepted family Pteridophyta ADIANTACEAE P.S.Green Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AB, England Terrestrial or epiphytic ferns. Rhizome erect or creeping, with scales and/or hairs. Fertile and sterile fronds similar; stipe dark-coloured, often shining; lamina simple, 1-5-pinnate, pinnatifid or basally pedate; veins free or anastomosing, without free veinlets. Sori marginal, or apparently so, with or without indusia, often covered by reflexed margin of lamina, terminal on veins or spreading along them, and then without indusia; paraphyses present. A cosmopolitan family containing a variable number of genera depending on the classification followed. Sometimes treated as monogeneric, but here including 2 other genera recorded from the Islands. KEY TO GENERA 1 Sori discrete, kidney-shaped or subcircular... 1. ADIANTUM 1 Sori merged, usually linear... 2 2 Fronds 2- or 3-pinnate; pinnules less than 1 cm long... 2. CHEILANTHES 2 Fronds simply pinnate; pinnae 2-7 cm long... 3. PELLAEA Flora of Australia 49: 561 (1994) © genus Adiantum family Adiantaceae accepted genus Adiantaceae 1 1. ADIANTUM Adiantum L. Sp. Pl. 2: 1094 (1753) Gen. Pl. 5th edn, 485 (1754); from the Greek adiantos (dry, unwetted), a name given by Greek authors to a plant with unwettable leaves, possibly A. capillus-veneris Type: A. capillus-veneris L. Terrestrial ferns. Rhizome short, creeping or erect, scaly at apex. Fronds: stipe erect, wiry, often lustrous; lamina 1-3 (-5)-pinnate or pedate, hairy or glabrous; rachis not grooved; pinnules sessile or stalked, often fan-shaped, usually marginally toothed; veins free and dichotomously branched. Sori apparently marginal, protected by reflexed flap from margin, discrete, circular or kidney-shaped. A mainly pantropical genus of c. 200 species, especially from South America, but with a few temperate species; 2 species native to Norfolk Is. and 3 to Lord Howe Is. G.Bentham, Filices, Adiantum, Fl. Austral. 7: 722-725 (1878). 1 Fronds 3-pinnate; petiolules attached to centre of base of pinnules; pinnules rounded obovate-cuneate, not arranged in a close series on either side of pinna rachis (L.H.Is.)... 1. A. aethiopicum 1 Frond 2-pinnate or pedate, petiolules attached at basal corner of pinnules; pinnules dimidiate, oblong to rhomboid, arranged in a close series on either side of pinna rachis... 2 2 Pinnae 1-3 (-4), rarely a small additional one; frond 2-pinnate; lamina glabrous except for 1-few stiff black setae on lower edge (N.Is.)... 2. A. diaphanum 2 Pinnae 6-10 (-12); frond pedate or sub-pedate; lamina covered, especially below, with short or long pale hairs... 3 3 Lamina covered, especially below, with numerous, longish, thin, pale, flexuous hairs; frond strictly pedate (N.Is., L.H.Is.)... 3. A. pubescens 3 Lamina covered, especially below, with numerous, short, ± rigid hairs, less than 0.5 mm long; frond subpedate, not strictly pedate (L.H.Is.)... 4. A. hispidulum Flora of Australia 49: 562 (1994) © species Adiantum aethiopicum genus Adiantum accepted species 1 Adiantum aethiopicum L. Syst. Nat. 10th edn, 2: 1329 (1759) T: South Africa; syn: LINN 1252/15 & 16; IDC microfiche 177/2.733/8 & 9. Being described from African material it was given the epithet which at that time was widely applied to Africa. Adiantum aethiopicum var. nodosum Bonap., Notes Pteridologiques 1: 196 (1915).T: Queensland, J.MacGillivray F5; holo: ?P n.v. Illustrations: D.L.Jones & S.C.Clemesha, Austral. Ferns & Fern Allies 2nd edn, 13, fig. 43 (1981); S.Firth et al., Ferns New Zealand 12, 13 (1986); P.J.Brownsey & J.C.Smith-Dodsworth, New Zealand Ferns & Allied Pl. 45, fig. 44, 45, t. 7B-C (1989). Rhizome stoloniferous, 2 mm diam., covered with brown scales. Fronds: stipe 5-15 cm tall, c. 1 mm diam., shining, flexuous, smooth, blackish; lamina alternately 3-pinnate; pinnae 10-20 cm long, delicate, light green; petiolule 1-5 mm long, central to pinnule base; pinnules 3-11 per pinna, not arranged in a close series on either side of the pinna rachis, rounded obovate-cuneate, with upper margin serrate. Sori 2-6 per pinnule, in marginal notches; 'indusium' reniform. Maidenhair. Lord Howe Is. Growing in the Northern Hills. Also known from New Zealand (North Is.), Australia and South Africa. Found on rocky ledges etc. in the forest edges L.H.Is.: lower slopes of Mt Eliza, P.S.Green 1579 (A, K); North Head, 1911, W.W.Watts (K); ridge of North Head, A.C.Beauglehole 5750 (CANB); loc. id, J.C.Game 1/13 (BM, K). Flora of Australia 49: 562 (1994) © species Adiantum diaphanum genus Adiantum accepted species 2 Adiantum diaphanum Blume Enum. Pl. Javae 215 (1828) T: Java, C.L.Blume ?; holo: ?L n.v. The epithet comes from the Greek diaphanes (transparent), in allusion to the thin membranous leaves. Adiantum setulosum J.Sm., Bot. Mag. 72: 22 (1846).T: cult. ex Norfolk Island; holo: ?BM n.v. [Adiantum affine auct. non Willd.: S.F.L.Endlicher, Prodr. Fl. Norfolk. 14 (1833)] Illustrations: D.L.Jones & S.C.Clemesha, Austral. Ferns & Fern Allies 2nd edn, 71, fig. 46 (1981); D.L.Jones, Encycl. Ferns 214, 215 (1987); S.B.Andrews, Ferns Queensland 11, fig. 1.1H, 15, fig. 1.2F (1990). Rhizome, with brown scales at apex. Fronds ± clustered: stipes 5-10 cm tall, c. 1 mm diam., smooth, blackish; lamina bipinnate, 10-20 cm long, ± pendulous, delicate, dark green; pinnae 1-3 (-4), often subequal, 10-15 mm long; petiolules 0.5-2 mm long, attached at lower corner of pinnules; pinnules 20-40 per pinna, arranged in a close series on either side of the pinna rachis, dimidiate; upper margin crenulate; lower margin with 1-few, stiff, blackish setae, otherwise pinnae glabrous. Sori 5-10 per pinnule, in notches of upper and outer margins; 'indusium' reniform to almost circular. Threefrond Maidenhair Fern. Norfolk Is. Also known from southern China to Australia, Vanuatu, Fiji, New Zealand and the Kermadec Is. Common on earthy banks in forest as, for example, in the National Park. N.Is.: high grounds, s.loc., W.G.Milne 15 (K); Mt Bates, R.D.Hoogland 11246 (CANB, K); between Palm Glen and Red Rd, R.J.Chinnock 5965 (AD, K). Flora of Australia 49: 563 (1994) © species Adiantum pubescens genus Adiantum accepted species 3 Adiantum pubescens Schkuhr Kl. Linn. Pfl-Syst. 1: 108 (1809) T: New Zealand, J.R.Forster & G.Forster '259.458'; lecto: BM, fide B.S.Parris, New Zealand J. Bot. 18: 503 (1980). So named because of its pubescent pinnules. [Adiantum hispidulum auct. non Sw.: W.J.Hooker, Sp. Fil. 2: 31 (1851), p.p.; G.Bentham, Fl. Austral. 7: 725 (1878), p.p.; J.H.Maiden, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales 28: 731 (1904); J.S.Turner et al., Conservation Norfolk Is. 29 (1968)] Illustrations: B.S.Parris, New Zealand J. Bot. 18: 504, fig. 1 & 505, fig. 2 bottom left (1980); S.Frith et al., Ferns New Zealand 15, upper fig. (1986). Rhizome erect; scales narrowly acute, dark brown. Fronds ± clustered; stipe (10-) 20-30 cm tall, 1-2 mm diam., rough (sometimes smooth on Lord Howe Is.), blackish; lamina strictly pedate at base, slightly coriaceous, dark green, with young fronds pinkish; pinnae 6-10 (-12), 5-20 cm long, graduated, with central pinnae longest; petiolules attached at lower corner of pinnules; lowest petiolule 1-2 mm long, upper pinnules sessile; pinnules 12-60 (-70) per pinna, arranged in a close series on either side of the pinna rachis, dimidiate, flabellate to somewhat rhomboid, upper margins ± serrate, surface (especially below) with numerous long, thin, pale, flexuous hairs. Sori 6-14 per pinnule, in small marginal notches below the upper and outer margins of the pinnules; 'indusium' dark brown, reniform-circular. Rough Maidenhair Fern. Fig. 104D-E.****.jpg Norfolk Is., Lord Howe Is. Also known from New Zealand and the Kermadec Is. Its distribution elsewhere needs investigation. Common on tracksides, open areas and forest banks. N.Is.: Mt Bates, R.D.Hoogland 11248 (CANB); Anson Bay, P.S.Green 1871 (K); s. loc., A.Cunningham 43 (K). L.H.Is.: W face of Mt Lidgbird, P.S.Green 1646 (A, K); loc. id., J.C.Game 69/190 (K). There has been much confusion of this species with Adiantum hispidulum. It was recently re-established as distinct by B.S.Parris, New Zealand J. Bot. 18: 503-506 (1980). While this book was in the final stages of preparation, M.F.Large & J.E.Braggins, New Zealand J. Bot. 31: 416 (1993), reduced the species to a variety of A. hispidulum, a view which has much to recommend it. Flora of Australia 49: 563 (1994) © species Adiantum hispidulum genus Adiantum accepted species 4 Adiantum hispidulum Sw. J. Bot. (Schrader) 1800 (2): 82 (1802) T: New South Wales, coll. not known; holo: ?S n.v. Named in reference to the slightly hispid stipes. Illustrations: B.S.Parris, New Zealand J. Bot. 18: 504, fig. 1, 505, fig. 2 top (1980); S.Firth et al., Ferns New Zealand 15, lower fig. (1986); B.D.Duncan & G.Isaac, Ferns & Allied Pl. Victoria, Tasmania & S. Australia 140, fig. 13.9 (1986). Description as for A. pubescens except that the stipes are consistently rough, the fronds not strictly pedate and the lamina below has short, ± rigid hairs, less than 0.5 mm long. Maidenhair Fern. Lord Howe Is. Also known from New Zealand (North Is.) and Australia. Its exact distribution needs investigation, see under Adiantum pubescens. L.H.Is.: ridge between Old Settlement and North Bay, P.S.Green 1939 (K). Flora of Australia 49: 564 (1994) © species Adiantum formosum genus Adiantum doubtful species Adiantum 1 Doubtful records Adiantum formosum R.Br. was recorded from the 'Little Slope', Lord Howe Is., by J.H.Maiden (Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales 45: 564, 1920) and there is a specimen merely labelled 'Lord Howe Island' (NSW P2501) in the National Herbarium of N.S.W. It has never been collected since and the record needs confirmation. Flora of Australia 49: 564 (1994) © species Adiantum fulvum genus Adiantum accepted species Adiantum 1 Doubtful records Adiantum fulvum Raoul was recorded from Norfolk Is. by W.J.Hooker (Syn. Fil. 120, 1868), presumably on the strength of a specimen at Kew simply labelled 'Norfolk Island' in Hooker's hand (and without any other annotation). This record has not been supported by any further collections and it must be assumed that the specimen was mislabelled. Flora of Australia 49: 564 (1994) © genus Cheilanthes family Adiantaceae accepted genus Adiantaceae 2 2. CHEILANTHES Cheilanthes Sw. Syn. Fil. 5: 126 (1806) from the Greek cheilos (a lip) and anthos (a flower), in allusion to the 'flower', or in this case sorus, being marginal in these ferns Type: C. micropteris Sw. Terrestrial or epiphytic ferns. Rhizome short, scaly. Fronds clustered; stipe erect, ± slender; lamina pinnatifid or 1-4-pinnate, usually glandular, scaly or hairy; pinnules less than 1 cm long; veins free or rarely anastomosing. Sori marginal, elongate or linear, spreading and ± joined laterally, protected by the reflexed, modified laminal margin. A genus of nearly 200 species throughout the tropics and warm temperate regions of the world. Two species native to both islands. G.Bentham, Filices, Cheilanthes, Fl. Austral. 7: 726-727 (1878); T.C.Chambers & P.A.Farrant, A re-examination of the genus Cheilanthes (Adiantaceae) in Australia, Telopea 4: 509-557 (1991). Stipe and rachis glabrous or stipe with a few fine hairs and scales towards base... 1. C. sieberi Stipe and rachis ± densely scaly throughout... 2. C. distans Flora of Australia 49: 564 (1994) © species Cheilanthes sieberi genus Cheilanthes accepted species 1 Cheilanthes sieberi Kunze in J.G.C.Lehmann Pl. Preiss. 2: 112 (1847) Cheilanthes tenuifolia var. sieberi (Kunze) Hook.f., Handb. New Zealand Fl. 362 (1867).T: Western Australia, J.A.L.Preiss 1304; lecto: BM, fide H.M.Quirk et al., Austral. J. Bot. 312: 517 (1983). Named after Franz Wilhelm Sieber (1789-1844), Bohemian botanist who collected in New South Wales in 1823. [Cheilanthes tenuifolia auct. non (Burm.f.) Sw.: G.Bentham, Fl. Austral. 7: 726 (1876), p.p.; F.J.H. von Mueller, J. Bot. 22: 290 (1884)] [Cheilanthes humilis auct. non (G.Forst.) P.S.Green: P.S.Green, Kew Bull. 43: 653 (1988)] Illustrations: H.M.Quirk et al., Austral. J. Bot. 31: 518 (1983); S.B.Andrews, Ferns Queensland 338, fig. 34.5A (1990); T.C.Chambers & P.A.Farrant, Telopea 4: 534, fig. 13g-h (1991). Rhizome horizontal, shortly creeping. Fronds ± clustered; stipe stiff, wiry, grooved, glabrous or with a few fine hairs, especially towards the scaly base, chestnut-brown; lamina narrow, 10-20 (-30) cm tall, 1-2 cm broad, suboppositely 2- (to 3)-pinnate; pinnules deeply pinnatisect. Sori marginal, ± discrete to continuous, protected by inrolled margin of lamina. Norfolk Is., Lord Howe Is. Rare on both islands and not collected recently on Norfolk Is. Also known from New Zealand, Australia (widespread) and New Caledonia. Growing in dry rocky habitats. N.Is.: s. loc., 1905, P.H.Metcalfe (NSW). L.H.Is.: Malabar Hill, M.M.J. van Balgooy 1057 (NSW); near Malabar, P.S.Green 2312 (K). Flora of Australia 49: 564 (1994) © species Cheilanthes distans genus Cheilanthes accepted species 2 Cheilanthes distans (R.Br.) Mett. Abh. Senckenberg. Naturf. Ges. 3: 69 (1859) Notholaena distans R.Br., Prodr. 146 (1810).T: New South Wales, R.Brown; holo: BM. Named in allusion to the 'distant' arrangement of the pinnae along the rachis. Illustrations: H.M.Quirk et al., Austral. J. Bot. 31: 524, figs 16, 17 (1983); D.L.Jones, Encycl. Ferns 337 (1987); S.B.Andrews, Ferns Queensland 331, fig. 34.2B (1990). Rhizome short. Fronds clustered; stipe stiff, grooved, scaly and somewhat hairy, brown; lamina narrow, 10-20 (-30) cm tall, 1-2 cm broad, suboppositely 2-pinnate; deeply pinnatifid, rachis and veins below densely covered with pale brown scales. Sori marginal, continuous, partially protected by inrolled margin of lamina. Bristly Cloakfern. Fig. 104F-G.****.jpg Norfolk Is., Lord Howe Is. Also known from New Zealand, southern and eastern Australia and New Caledonia. Frequent in dryish, rocky habitats. N.Is.: Ball Bay, R.D.Hoogland 11309 (CANB, K); N side of Mt Bates, R.D.Hoogland 11317 (CANB, NSW); Duncombe Bay, P.S.Green 2432 (K). L.H.Is.: Malabar Hill, M.M.J. van Balgooy 1089 (CANB, NSW); 'Lower Rd', SW base of Mt Lidgbird, A.N.Rodd 1393 (K, NSW). Flora of Australia 49: 565 (1994) © genus Pellaea accepted genus Adiantaceae 3 3. PELLAEA Pellaea Link Fil. Sp. 59 (1841) named from the Greek pellaios (dark), in allusion to the generally dark stipes in these ferns Type: P. atropurpurea (L.) Link Terrestrial ferns. Rhizome short and thick or long-creeping, covered with narrow scales. Fronds: stipe erect, wiry, dark-coloured, shining; lamina pinnate, palmate (or pedate elsewhere), usually glabrous; pinnae uniform, sessile or shortly stalked, entire, often coriaceous, with veins free. Sori marginal, linear or oblong, merging laterally, protected by reflexed margin of lamina. A genus of c. 80 species, especially from tropical and subtropical South America and South Africa. 2 species native to Lord Howe Is. G.Bentham, Filices, Pteris, Fl. Austral. 7: 727-730 (1878). Pinnae 10-35 pairs, 5-10 mm broad; rachis manifestly scaly... 1. P. falcata Pinnae 2-8 pairs, 12-30 mm broad; rachis slightly rough, almost naked... 2. P. paradoxa Flora of Australia 49: 565 (1994) © species Pellaea falcata genus Pellaea accepted species 1 Pellaea falcata (R.Br.) Fee Gen. Filic. 129 (1852) Pteris falcata R.Br., Prodr. 154 (1810).T: New South Wales and Tasmania, R.Brown; syn: BM. The epithet comes from the Latin falcatus (sickle-shaped), in allusion to the shape of the pinnae. Illustrations: D.L.Jones & S.C.Clemesha, Austral. Ferns & Fern Allies 2nd edn, 179, fig. 241 (1981); D.L.Jones, Encycl. Ferns 5, 19, 342 (1987); P.G.Wilson in G.J.Harden, Fl. New South Wales 1: 25 (1990). Rhizomes shortly creeping, closely covered with appressed, dark brown scales with a pale margin. Fronds: stipe 5-10 cm tall, dark brown; lamina erect, 12-40 cm tall, simply imparipinnate; rachis clothed with numerous light brown scales and hairs; pinnae ± sessile, 10-35 pairs, opposite or alternate, narrowly lanceolate to falcate, 2-5 cm long, asymmetrical at base, acute, ± coriaceous, almost glabrous. Sori in a dense band, especially on upper pinnae; laminal margins slightly reflexed. Lord Howe Is. in the northern hills. Also known from eastern Australia, New Zealand, the Kermadec Is. and New Caledonia. Growing in rocky places. L.H.Is.: Kims Lookout, P.S.Green 1944 (K); W of Kims Lookout, J.C.Game 69/220a (K). Flora of Australia 49: 565 (1994) © species Pellaea paradoxa genus Pellaea accepted species 2 Pellaea paradoxa (R.Br.) Hook. Sp. Fil. 2: 135 (1858) Adiantum paradoxum R.Br., Prodr. 155 (1810).T: Australia, R.Brown; holo: BM. So named because it was paradoxical in Adiantum, the genus in which it was first classified. Illustrations: D.L.Jones & S.C.Clemesha, Austral. Ferns & Fern Allies 2nd edn, 179, fig. 242 (1981); S.B.Andrews, Ferns Queensland 343, fig. 34.7A (1990); P.G.Wilson in G.J.Harden, Fl. New South Wales 1: 25 (1990). Rhizome with appressed, dark brown scales. Fronds: stipe 20-30 cm tall, blackish, with scattered, small, pale scales and hairs; lamina erect, 30-50 cm tall, simply imparipinnate; petiolules 2-7 mm long; pinnae 2-8 pairs, alternate, ovate to broadly lanceolate, 3-7 cm long, asymmetrical at base, entire, acute, ± coriaceous, glabrous. Sori dense, especially on upper pinnae; laminal margins slightly reflexed. Lord Howe Is. Rare, recorded only once. Also known from Qld and N.S.W. L.H.Is.: S side of Malabar, A.C.Beauglehole 5752 (MEL). Flora of Australia 49: 566 (1994) © species Pellaea rotundifolia genus Pellaea doubtful species Pellaea 1 Doubtful record Pellaea rotundifolia (G.Forst.) Hook. has been recorded from Norfolk Is. (W.J.Hooker, Sp. Fil. 2: 136, 1858 and G.Bentham, Fl. Austral. 7: 730, 1878), but no collections from the Island have been seen. These records trace back to G.Kunze (Linnaea 23: 219, 1850), under the name Allosorus rotundifolius (G.Forst.) Kunze, but no specimens are cited by him. It is suspected that specimens distributed by the Botanical Society of London, communicated by H.C.Watson in 1844, labelled 'From a collection of ferns made by one of the Cunninghams in New Zealand and Norfolk Island' (specimen at Kew) may have led, erroneously, to this record. Flora of Australia 49: 566 (1994) © family Vittariaceae order Pteridales accepted family Pteridophyta VITTARIACEAE P.S.Green Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AB, England Epiphytic ferns. Rhizomes usually short, creeping, with narrow clathrate scales. Fronds simple, linear to ovate or obovate, entire; fertile fronds not differentiated; veins reticulate, forming elongate areoles, without free veinlets. Sori elongate, distributed along veins, usually submarginal, sometimes reticulate, without indusia, often in a groove, when young protected by paraphyses. A small tropical family of 9 genera and c. 100 species. One genus native to Norfolk Is. Flora of Australia 49: 566 (1994) © genus Vittaria family Vittariaceae accepted genus Vittariaceae 1 VITTARIA Vittaria Sm. Mem. Acad. Roy. Sci. (Turin) 5: 413, t. 9 (1793) named from the Latin vitta (a ribbon), in allusion to the ribbon-like shape of the fronds in the type, and other, species Type: V. lineata (L.) Sm. Rhizome shortly creeping, covered with brown scales at apex. Fronds crowded, narrowly to broadly linear, erect or drooping. Sori linear, along a submarginal vein, ± immersed in a groove; paraphyses numerous. A pantropical genus of 50 or more species. One species native to Norfolk Is. G.Bentham, Filices, Vittaria, Fl. Austral. 7: 717-718 (1878). Flora of Australia 49: 567 (1994) © species Vittaria elongata genus Vittaria accepted species 1 Vittaria elongata Sw. Syn. Fil. 109, 302 (1806) T: India, J.P.Rottler; holo: ?UPS n.v. Named in allusion to the elongate habit of the fronds. [Vittaria rigida auct. non Kaulf.: S.F.L.Endlicher, Prodr. Fl. Norfolk. 12 (1833)] Illustrations: D.L.Jones, Encycl. Ferns 180, 384 (1987); S.B.Andrews, Ferns Queensland 380, fig. 38.2A (1990); P.G.Wilson in G.J.Harden, Fl. New South Wales 1: 28 (1990). Rhizome shortly creeping; scales dark brown, with hair-like apices. Fronds ± sessile, linear, gradually tapered at base and apex, 10-30 (-40) cm long, 3-5 mm broad; midrib ± obscure. Sori linear, in a deep marginal groove. Tape Fern. Norfolk Is. Not common. Also known from India and Malesia to Australia (Qld and N.S.W.) and the tropical Pacific islands, including New Caledonia and Fiji. Found on tree fern trunks and fallen logs in King Fern Valley and similar habitats. N.Is.: slopes of Mt Pitt, P.S.Green, P.Ralston & O.Evans 1415 (A, NSW); King Fern Gully, R.D.Hoogland 11193 (NSW); between Palm Glen and Red Rd, R.J.Chinnock 5954 (AD, K). Flora of Australia 49: 567 (1994) © family Pteridaceae order Pteridales accepted family Pteridophyta PTERIDACEAE P.S.Green Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AB, England Terrestrial ferns. Rhizome erect or creeping, scaly. Fronds usually uniform, 1-4-pinnate, borne close together, usually clustered at apex of rhizome; veins usually free. Sori without indusia or with a false indusium from a scarious margin; paraphyses often present. A worldwide family variously interpreted as containing from 3 to 7 genera and over 250 species. One genus native to both Islands. Flora of Australia 49: 567 (1994) © genus Pteris family Pteridaceae accepted genus Pteridaceae 1 PTERIS Pteris L. Sp. Pl. 2: 1073 (1753) Gen. Pl. 5th edn, 484 (1754); the Greek name for a fern Type: P. longifolia L. Rhizome often stout, scaly at apex. Fronds: stipe grooved on upper surface; lamina 1-4-pinnate, with rachis deeply grooved above; pinnae often deeply pinnatisect, with short spines often present at base of ultimate costules. Sori linear, marginal to submarginal, connecting the vein endings; false indusia linear, continuous, formed from modified margin. A large worldwide genus of 250 or more species. Parts of the genus are in need of revision, especially the P. comans G.Forst. group. In the meantime recognition is given, at specific rank, to P. microptera and P. zahlbruckneriana, members of this group. G.Bentham, Filices, Pteris, Fl. Austral. 7: 727-733 (1878). 1 Veins of lamina simple or once forked, free... 2 1 Veins of lamina netted... 3 2 Frond bipinnate for 1 (sometimes 2) basal divisions, pinnatifid apical portion c. 1/3 of length of lamina; median pinnules 15-30 mm long, 3-5 mm broad; sterile apex broadly acute, 2-4 (-5) mm long (N.Is.)... 1. P. kingiana 2 Frond bipinnate for 4-5 (-7) basal divisions, with only a short pinnatifid apical portion; median pinnules 10-15 (-20) mm long, 1.5-3 (-5) mm broad; sterile apex somewhat blunt, 1-2 (-3) mm long (N.Is., L.H.Is.)... 2. P. tremula 3 Segments of lamina 4-6 mm broad, acute; continuous portion along midrib 0.5-1.5 mm broad (L.H.Is.)... 3. P. microptera 3 Segments of lamina (6-) 8-