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Acaciella angustissima var. angustissima - stem

Acaciella angustissima var. angustissima - infloresence

Acaciella angustissima var. angustissima - habit

Acaciella angustissima var. angustissima - flowers

Acaciella angustissima var. angustissima - fruits

Acaciella angustissima var. angustissima - leaf

Acaciella angustissima var. angustissima - petiole

Name

Acaciella angustissima (Mill.) Britton & Rose var. angustissima

Rico Arce & Bachman
Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid
Vol. 63(2): 189-244
July-December 2006

Synonymy and types

Acacia angulosa Bertol., Fl. Guatimal. 4: 442. 1840.  Acaciella angulosa (Bertol.) Britton & Rose, N.  Amer. Fl. 23: 100. 1928. Type: Guatemala: 'ex vulcano d'acqua', J. Velásquez s.  n. (lectotype, designated here, BOLO Bertol.  Herb., Microfiche IDC 47.I.6!). 

Acacia elegans M. Martens & Galeotti, Bull. Acad.  Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 10: 312. 1843, non A. elegans  Schldl., Linnaea 12: 569. 1838, equated with A. angustissima  by Rudd (1984:137).   Type: Mexico: Oaxaca, San Felipe, Cordillera, Oaxaca,  H. Galeotti 3203 (lectotype, designated by  Rudd, 1984, BR!; isolectotype, K!) . 

Acacia insignis M. Martens & Galeotti, Bull. Acad.  Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 10: 313. 1843, non A. insignis  Hoffmanns (1824).   Type: Mexico:Veracruz, Cordillera, 1840, H. Galeotti  3303 (lectotype, designated here, BR!; isolectotypes,  G!, K!). 

Acacia boliviana Rusby, Bull. New York Bot. Gard. 4:  348. 1907. Type: Bolivia: Bang 2070 (lectotype designated here,  NY!; isolectotypes, BM!, US). 

Acacia suffrutescens Rose, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 12:  409. 1909. Acaciella suffrutescens (Rose) Britton &  Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 23: 103. 1928. Acacia hirta var.  A taxonomic revision of Acaciella 195  suffrutescens (Rose) Kearney & Peebles, J. Wash.  Acad. Sci. 29: 482. 1939. Acacia angustissima var.  suffrutescens (Rose) Isely, Sida 3: 372 (1969); equated  by Isely (1998) with Acacia angustissima var. hirta  (Nutt.) B.L. Robinson. Type: USA: Arizona, Santa Cruz Valley, Pringle 1881  (holotype, US!, number 41086). 

Acaciella breviracemosa Britton & Rose, N. Amer. Fl.  23: 99. 1928. Type: Mexico: Jalisco, near Guadalajara, 1886, E. Palmer  647 (lectotype, designated here, US!; isolectotype,  NY). 

Acaciella delicata Britton & Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 23:  100. 1928. Acacia delicata (Britton & Rose) Bullock,  Bull. Misc. Inform Kew 1939(1): 1. 1939. Type: Mexico: Guerrero, Acapulco vicinity, 1894-  1895, E. Palmer 298 (lectotype, designated here,  NY!; isolectotype, K!, US). 

Acaciella costaricensis Britton & Rose, N. Amer. Fl.  23: 101. 1928. Acacia pittieriana Standl., Pub. Field  Mus. Nat. Hist., Chicago, Bot. Ser., 13: 489. 1937;  non Acacia costaricensis Schenck. 1913. Type: Costa Rica: San José, Santa María de Dota, Dec.  1925, P.C. Standley 41877 (lectotype designated by  Standley 1937, NY!; isolectotype, US!). 

Acaciella rensonii Britton & Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 23:  101. 1928. Type: El Salvador: vicinity of San Salvador,-II-20,  1904, C. Renson 115 (holotype, US; isotype, NY!). 

Acaciella ferrisiae Britton & Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 23:  101. 1928. Type: Mexico: Nayarit, Tres Marias Islands, Maria  Madre, 22 Oct. 1925, R.S. Ferris 5610 (holotype,  US!; isotypes, DS, NY!). 

Acaciella talpana Britton & Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 23: 101.  1928. Type: Mexico: Jalisco, near Talpa, 7-III-1897, E.W.  Nelson 4039 (holotype, US!; isotype, GH!). 

Acaciella smithii Britton & Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 23: 101.  1928. Acacia angustissima subsp. smithii (Britton &  Rose) Wiggins, Contr. Dudley Herb. 3: 232 (1942).  Acacia angustissima var. smithii (Britton & Rose) L.  Rico, Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 58: 258. 2001. Type: Mexico: Oaxaca, Monte Alban, C.L. Smith 349  (holotype, US!; isotype, NY!). 

Acaciella ciliata Britton & Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 23: 101.  1928. Type: Mexico: Oaxaca, near 'La Paradis', E.W. Nelson  995 (lectotype, designated here, US!; isolectotypes,  GH!, NY!). 

Acaciella santanderensis Britton & Killip, Ann. New  York Aca. Sci.: 140. 1938.  Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid 63(2): 189-244. July-December 2006. ISSN: 0211-1322  196 M. de L. Rico Arce & S. Bachman  Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid 63(2): 189-244. July-December 2006. ISSN: 0211-1322 Type: Colombia: Norte de Santander, between Pamplona  and La Isla, 27 Feb. 1927, Killip & Smith  19791 (holotype, NY!; isotypes, US!, K!).

Formal description

Shrub or tree up to 3(12) m tall, twigs glabrous. Stipules linear, 2-2.5 mm long, persistent. Leaves 10-  13.5(21) cm long; petiole 1.2-2(3.5) cm long, upper  region channelled, sparsely strigulose; rachis 6.5-8 cm  long, sparsely strigulose, glabrous with age, with 11-  17 pairs of pinnae, sparsely strigulose; pinnae 2.5-4(5)  cm long; paraphyllidia up to 3 mm long; leaflets 20-40  pairs per pinna, 2.4-3.2 × 0.5 mm, linear, base auriculate,  apex acute, only the midvein evident on the lower  surface, glabrous, shortly ciliate, membranous. Inflorescences  consisting of axillary fascicles; peduncles  1-1.3(1.5) cm long, glabrous but sometimes with  sparse pearl glands; one inflorescence bract below  each raceme, 1 mm long, glabrous, very broadly ovatecaducous, leaving a protuberant scar; floral bract 1.3  mm long, glabrous, clavate, caducous; pedicels 0.6-  0.8 mm long, glabrous; flowers white; in short capitulum- like racemes up to 1.5 cm diam. at anthesis. Calyx  0.5-0.8 mm long, 5-lobed (the lobes less than 1/4 the  length of the calyx), glabrous. Corolla 4.5 mm long, 5-  lobed (the lobes more than half corolla length),  glabrous. Stamens 6 mm long. Ovary 1.2 mm long,  glabrous, shortly stipitate, the stipe shorter than the  ovary, with a basal nectary 0.5 mm high. Legume 4-9 ×  1-1.5 × 0.17-0.2 cm, flat, straight, valves chartaceous,  conspicuously reticulate, glabrous, acute at the base  and apex; stipe 0.7-1.2 cm long; beak 2-5(7) mm  long, straight or curved. Seeds 8-12 per fruit, circular  in outline, spherical (2.6)2.9-3.2 × 2.5-3 × 1.7-2 mm.

Distribution

Found naturally from the United  States of America, south through Mexico and Central  America to Venezuela, Colombia, Peru, Ecuador, Bolivia  and Argentina. It has not been recorded from the  Guianas, Uruguay and Paraguay, but it may have been  introduced there for forestry trials. Found cultivated  in Brazil and the Dominican Republic. Introduced to  Australia, Thailand, Indonesia, the Philippines, and  Papua New Guinea.

Additional info

Habitat. In mixed Quercus and Pinus forest, secondary  low deciduous forest and dry scrub; in low deciduous   forest the species tends to be invasive (weedy)  and it tolerates acid soils. 

Vernacular names and uses. Guapinico, timbre,  huajillo, guajillo blanco, chilicap (Chiapas, Mexico).  Flores (2001) reported that leaves are used as a livestock  forage and the flowers are used for bee forage in  the Yucatan Peninsula (Mexico). The bark was traditionally  used in the fermentation of 'tepache' and  'pulque' (traditional prehispanic Mexican alcoholic  drinks). In Michoacan, Mexico, it has been reported  as a medicinal plant. The bark is boiled with water  and this infusion is drunk to cure diarrhoea. The root  is also prepared in the same way and drunk to cure  gastritis. In the past, the roots were used extensively  for their tannins; nowadays this species has been replaced  by other leguminous species, such as Caesalpinia  cacalaco [personnal interviews in several Mexican  states].

Flowering time

Flowering and fruiting all year. 

Representative specimens

AUSTRALIA:

Queensland:

Brisbane:

BOLIVIA:

Beni:

Chuquisaca:

Cochabamba:

La Paz:

Santa Cruz:

COLOMBIA:

Antioquia:

Santander:

COSTA RICA:

Aserri:

Buenos Aires:

San Francisco de  Guadalupe:

San José:

Santa  Bárbara:

DOMINICAN REPUBLIC:

La Vega:

ECUADOR:

Loja:

EL SALVADOR:

Ahuachapan:

Chalatenango:

La Libertad:

Morazán:

Santa Ana:

GUATEMALA:

Chiquimula:

Guatemala:

Huehuetenango:

Peten:

San  Marcos:

Santa Rosa:

Zacatepequez:

HONDURAS:

Catacamas:

Choluteca:

Comayagua:

Morazán:

Yoro:

MEXICO:

Aguascalientes:

Baja California:

Campeche:

Chiapas:

Chihuahua:

Coahuila:

Colima:

Distrito Federal:

Durango:

Guanajuato:

Guerrero:

Hidalgo:

Jalisco:

México:

Michoacán:

Morelos:

Nayarit:

Nuevo León:

Oaxaca:

Puebla:

Queretaro:

Quintana Roo:

San Luis Potosí:

Sinaloa:

Sonora:

Tabasco:

Tamaulipas:

Veracruz:

Yucatán:

Zacatecas:

NICARAGUA:

Managua:

Matagalpa:

PANAMA:

Bocas del Toro:

PERU:

Huanuco:

USA:

Arizona:

Arkansas:

Kentucky:

Louisiana:

New Mexico:

Oklahoma:

Texas:

VENEZUELA:

Falcón:

Tachira:

Unknown:

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